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A chronological study companion

The Qur’an in the Order It Was Revealed

Explore the traditional chronological order of Qur’anic revelation alongside major events from the Seerah and conversions of notable Sahabah.

Follow the unfolding message from Cave Hira to the completion of the Prophetic mission, with clear cautions wherever dates or reports are uncertain.

Entire timeline guide: approximately 2 hours. Full-surah reading and listening time varies.

Intermediate2 hrs guide
Begin the journey
114Surahs
≈ 23Years of revelation
86Traditionally Meccan
28Traditionally Medinan

Read this timeline with scholarly care

The exact dates and chronological order of some revelations are not unanimously agreed upon by scholars. This guide follows a commonly cited traditional chronology, largely based on reports attributed to Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنه. Dates are approximate, and a companion listed within a period did not necessarily accept Islam because of the surah shown beside their name.

Some surahs were revealed gradually over several years. Their position in the chronology is generally based on when their opening verses were first revealed.

After this guide you'll know

  • Why the Qur'an was revealed gradually over approximately 23 years.
  • The difference between Meccan and Medinan revelation.
  • Major historical milestones alongside the traditional chronology.
  • Which companion milestones are associated with each broad historical phase.

The mission at a glance

From the first revelation to the Farewell Hajj

Choose a milestone to move directly into that moment in the chronological guide.

How the message develops

Revelation builds people, then community

This editorial visualization shows changing emphasis, not the absence of a topic from an earlier period.

Faith
Character
Prayer
Community
Law

Today’s revelation · Day 1 of 114

العلق

Revelation #1: Surah Al-‘Alaq

The Clot · approximately 3 minutes

Historical contextThe First Revelation

The opening verses of Al-‘Alaq mark the beginning of the Qur’anic revelation in Cave Hira.

1

Continue your journey

العلق

Surah Al-‘Alaq

The Clot · 19 verses · approximately 3 minutes

The First Revelation: The opening verses of Al-‘Alaq mark the beginning of the Qur’anic revelation in Cave Hira.

Showing 114 of 114 surahs
Download complete timeline

Chapter 1 · Approx. 610 CE

The First Revelation

The opening verses of Al-‘Alaq mark the beginning of the Qur’anic revelation in Cave Hira.

1 surah 4 min
1

Revelation 1 · Chapter 1

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

العلق

Surah Al-‘Alaq

Surah 96 in the standard Qur’an

610 CE — first revelation
Revelation journey1 / 114 · 1%
Main themes
KnowledgeCreationArroganceWorship
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid; ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib; Zayd ibn Harithah; Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (رضي الله عنهم)

Chapter 1 complete

What changed during this period?

  • Revelation began in Cave Hira.
  • Khadijah رضي الله عنها affirmed and supported the Prophet ﷺ.
  • The earliest believers accepted Islam.
Makkah and Cave HiraSchematic orientation, not to scale.
Makkah · Ka‘bah
Cave Hira

Chapter 2 · Approx. 610–613 CE

The Early Private Da‘wah

The earliest believers learned, worshipped, and invited trusted people quietly.

4 surahs 4 min
2

Revelation 2 · Chapter 2

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

القلم

Surah Al-Qalam

Surah 68 in the standard Qur’an

610–611 CE — earliest private da‘wah
Revelation journey2 / 114 · 2%
Main themes
CharacterTrialGarden ownersPatience
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Early Muslims invited through Abu Bakr: ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan, az-Zubayr ibn al-‘Awwam, Talhah ibn ‘Ubaydillah, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf, Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas, Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah (رضي الله عنهم)

Major eventApproximateApprox. 610 CE

Beginning of Private Da‘wah

The earliest invitation proceeded quietly among family and trusted companions.

Related revelation
Al-Qalam and the earliest revelations
People and community
The earliest believers
3

Revelation 3 · Chapter 2

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

المزمل

Surah Al-Muzzammil

Surah 73 in the standard Qur’an

610–611 CE — earliest private da‘wah
Revelation journey3 / 114 · 3%
Main themes
Night prayerQur’anPatienceMission
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

4

Revelation 4 · Chapter 2

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

المدثر

Surah Al-Muddaththir

Surah 74 in the standard Qur’an

610–611 CE — earliest private da‘wah
Revelation journey4 / 114 · 4%
Main themes
WarningPurificationAccountabilityHellfire
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

5

Revelation 5 · Chapter 2

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الفاتحة

Surah Al-Fatihah

Surah 1 in the standard Qur’an

610–611 CE — earliest private da‘wah
Revelation journey5 / 114 · 4%
Main themes
GuidanceWorshipMercy
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Chapter 2 complete

What changed during this period?

  • A core community formed.
  • Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه invited trusted friends.
  • Early Qur’anic worship and formation deepened.
Early MakkahLocations are schematic and not to scale.
Makkah · Ka‘bah
Dar al-Arqam

Chapter 3 · Approx. 613–615 CE

Public Preaching and Persecution

The message became public and the young Muslim community faced growing pressure in Makkah.

38 surahs 22 min
6

Revelation 6 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

المسد

Surah Al-Masad

Surah 111 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey6 / 114 · 5%
Main themes
Abu LahabOppositionConsequences
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Early Meccan believers continued to enter Islam; exact surah-by-surah dates are not preserved.

Major eventWidely reportedApprox. 613 CE

Beginning of Public Preaching

The call became public in Makkah, bringing the message into open conversation and conflict.

Related revelation
Early Meccan surahs
People and community
The early Muslim community
7

Revelation 7 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

التكوير

Surah At-Takwir

Surah 81 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey7 / 114 · 6%
Main themes
Cosmic upheavalRevelationAccountability
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

8

Revelation 8 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الأعلى

Surah Al-A‘la

Surah 87 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey8 / 114 · 7%
Main themes
PraiseRevelationReminderSuccess
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

9

Revelation 9 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الليل

Surah Al-Layl

Surah 92 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey9 / 114 · 8%
Main themes
CharityTaqwaDiverging paths
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

10

Revelation 10 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الفجر

Surah Al-Fajr

Surah 89 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey10 / 114 · 9%
Main themes
TyrantsWealth as a testTranquil soul
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

11

Revelation 11 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الضحى

Surah Ad-Duha

Surah 93 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey11 / 114 · 10%
Main themes
Divine careHopeGratitudeThe vulnerable
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

12

Revelation 12 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الشرح

Surah Ash-Sharh

Surah 94 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey12 / 114 · 11%
Main themes
ReliefHardshipDevotion
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

13

Revelation 13 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

العصر

Surah Al-‘Asr

Surah 103 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey13 / 114 · 11%
Main themes
TimeFaithTruthPatience
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

14

Revelation 14 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

العاديات

Surah Al-‘Adiyat

Surah 100 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey14 / 114 · 12%
Main themes
IngratitudeWealthResurrection
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

15

Revelation 15 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الكوثر

Surah Al-Kawthar

Surah 108 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey15 / 114 · 13%
Main themes
AbundancePrayerSacrifice
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

16

Revelation 16 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

التكاثر

Surah At-Takathur

Surah 102 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey16 / 114 · 14%
Main themes
Worldly rivalryAccountability
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

17

Revelation 17 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الماعون

Surah Al-Ma‘un

Surah 107 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey17 / 114 · 15%
Main themes
Social responsibilityPrayerHypocrisy
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Bilal ibn Rabah, ‘Ammar ibn Yasir and his parents Yasir and Sumayyah, Suhayb ar-Rumi, Khabbab ibn al-Aratt (رضي الله عنهم) are generally placed among the early persecuted Muslims.

Major eventWidely reportedApprox. 613–615 CE

Persecution of Early Muslims

Vulnerable believers faced severe pressure and abuse as opposition intensified.

Related revelation
Early Meccan surahs
People and community
Bilal, Sumayyah, Yasir, Ammar, Khabbab and others رضي الله عنهم
18

Revelation 18 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الكافرون

Surah Al-Kafirun

Surah 109 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey18 / 114 · 16%
Main themes
WorshipFaith boundariesSincerity
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

19

Revelation 19 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الفيل

Surah Al-Fil

Surah 105 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey19 / 114 · 17%
Main themes
Protection of the Ka‘bahThe elephant army
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

20

Revelation 20 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الفلق

Surah Al-Falaq

Surah 113 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey20 / 114 · 18%
Main themes
Seeking refugeCreated harmsEnvy
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

21

Revelation 21 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الناس

Surah An-Nas

Surah 114 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey21 / 114 · 18%
Main themes
Seeking refugeWhispersDivine protection
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

22

Revelation 22 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الإخلاص

Surah Al-Ikhlas

Surah 112 in the standard Qur’an

611–613 CE — early Meccan period
Revelation journey22 / 114 · 19%
Main themes
TawheedAllah’s uniqueness
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

23

Revelation 23 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

النجم

Surah An-Najm

Surah 53 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey23 / 114 · 20%
Main themes
RevelationIdolsAccountabilityNearness
Accepted Islam around this historical period

‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud (رضي الله عنه) was among the earliest Muslims and publicly recited Qur’an in Makkah.

24

Revelation 24 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

عبس

Surah ‘Abasa

Surah 80 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey24 / 114 · 21%
Main themes
Human dignityRevelationGratitudeJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

25

Revelation 25 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

القدر

Surah Al-Qadr

Surah 97 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey25 / 114 · 22%
Main themes
Night of DecreeRevelationPeace
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

26

Revelation 26 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الشمس

Surah Ash-Shams

Surah 91 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey26 / 114 · 23%
Main themes
Purifying the soulThamudAccountability
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

27

Revelation 27 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

البروج

Surah Al-Buruj

Surah 85 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey27 / 114 · 24%
Main themes
PersecutionSteadfastnessDivine power
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

28

Revelation 28 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

التين

Surah At-Tin

Surah 95 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey28 / 114 · 25%
Main themes
Human dignityJudgmentRighteous deeds
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

29

Revelation 29 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

قريش

Surah Quraysh

Surah 106 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey29 / 114 · 25%
Main themes
QurayshProvisionSecurityWorship
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

30

Revelation 30 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

القارعة

Surah Al-Qari‘ah

Surah 101 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey30 / 114 · 26%
Main themes
CalamityScalesJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

31

Revelation 31 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

القيامة

Surah Al-Qiyamah

Surah 75 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey31 / 114 · 27%
Main themes
ResurrectionConscienceRevelationJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

32

Revelation 32 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الهمزة

Surah Al-Humazah

Surah 104 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey32 / 114 · 28%
Main themes
SlanderWealthPunishment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

33

Revelation 33 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

المرسلات

Surah Al-Mursalat

Surah 77 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey33 / 114 · 29%
Main themes
JudgmentMessengersSignsDenial
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

34

Revelation 34 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

ق

Surah Qaf

Surah 50 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey34 / 114 · 30%
Main themes
ResurrectionDeathDivine knowledgeReminder
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

35

Revelation 35 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

البلد

Surah Al-Balad

Surah 90 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey35 / 114 · 31%
Main themes
Moral struggleCompassionHuman dignity
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

36

Revelation 36 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الطارق

Surah At-Tariq

Surah 86 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey36 / 114 · 32%
Main themes
CreationAccountabilityQur’an
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

37

Revelation 37 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

القمر

Surah Al-Qamar

Surah 54 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey37 / 114 · 32%
Main themes
SignsPast nationsJudgmentQur’an
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

38

Revelation 38 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

ص

Surah Sad

Surah 38 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey38 / 114 · 33%
Main themes
DawudSulaymanAyyubRepentance
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

39

Revelation 39 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الأعراف

Surah Al-A‘raf

Surah 7 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey39 / 114 · 34%
Main themes
ProphetsRepentanceHuman struggle
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

40

Revelation 40 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الجن

Surah Al-Jinn

Surah 72 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey40 / 114 · 35%
Main themes
JinnTawheedUnseenWorship
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

41

Revelation 41 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

يس

Surah Ya-Sin

Surah 36 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey41 / 114 · 36%
Main themes
ResurrectionMessengersSignsMercy
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

42

Revelation 42 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الفرقان

Surah Al-Furqan

Surah 25 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey42 / 114 · 37%
Main themes
Qur’anObjectionsServants of the Merciful
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

43

Revelation 43 · Chapter 3

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

فاطر

Surah Fatir

Surah 35 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey43 / 114 · 38%
Main themes
CreationMessengersAccountabilityGrace
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Major eventWidely reportedApprox. 615 CE

First Migration to Abyssinia

A group of Muslims crossed the Red Sea seeking safety under a just Christian ruler.

Related revelation
Revelations preceding Surah Maryam
People and community
The first Abyssinian emigrants رضي الله عنهم

Chapter 3 complete

What changed during this period?

  • The message entered public life.
  • Quraysh opposition intensified.
  • Believers demonstrated patience under persecution.
  • The first migration became necessary.
Public witness in MakkahSchematic orientation, not to scale.
Makkah · Ka‘bah
Dar al-Arqam

Chapter 4 · Approx. 615–616 CE

Migration to Abyssinia

Some Muslims sought safety under the just ruler of Abyssinia while revelation continued in Makkah.

1 surah 4 min
44

Revelation 44 · Chapter 4

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

مريم

Surah Maryam

Surah 19 in the standard Qur’an

613–615 CE — public preaching and persecution
Revelation journey44 / 114 · 39%
Main themes
MercyProphetsMaryamResurrection
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Ja‘far ibn Abi Talib and companions were already Muslim and participated in the migration to Abyssinia; the precise conversion dates of many emigrants are not preserved.

Major eventWidely reportedApprox. 615–616 CE

Second Migration to Abyssinia

A larger group later migrated as persecution in Makkah continued.

Related revelation
Maryam
People and community
Ja‘far ibn Abi Talib and the emigrants رضي الله عنهم

Chapter 4 complete

What changed during this period?

  • The first Muslim refuge community formed abroad.
  • Ja‘far رضي الله عنه represented Islam before the Negus.
  • Surah Maryam carried special relevance in the Abyssinian encounter.
Migration to AbyssiniaConceptual route only; not to scale.
Makkah
Red Sea
Abyssinia

Chapter 5 · Approx. 616–619 CE

Strengthening of the Muslim Community

The community endured opposition and was strengthened by notable new Muslims.

24 surahs 16 min
45

Revelation 45 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

طه

Surah Ta-Ha

Surah 20 in the standard Qur’an

c. 615–616 CE — Abyssinian migration / early middle Meccan
Revelation journey45 / 114 · 39%
Main themes
MusaRevelationPrayerReassurance
Accepted Islam around this historical period

‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (رضي الله عنه), commonly dated to the 5th or 6th year of Prophethood. The famous sīrah report connects his conversion with hearing/reading Surah Ta-Ha.

46

Revelation 46 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الواقعة

Surah Al-Waqi‘ah

Surah 56 in the standard Qur’an

c. 615–616 CE — Abyssinian migration / early middle Meccan
Revelation journey46 / 114 · 40%
Main themes
HereafterCreationQur’anProvision
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (رضي الله عنه) accepted Islam around the same broad middle-Meccan period, generally shortly before ‘Umar.

47

Revelation 47 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الشعراء

Surah Ash-Shu‘ara

Surah 26 in the standard Qur’an

c. 615–616 CE — Abyssinian migration / early middle Meccan
Revelation journey47 / 114 · 41%
Main themes
ProphetsRejectionSignsTrust
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

48

Revelation 48 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

النمل

Surah An-Naml

Surah 27 in the standard Qur’an

c. 615–616 CE — Abyssinian migration / early middle Meccan
Revelation journey48 / 114 · 42%
Main themes
SulaymanMusaSignsGratitude
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

49

Revelation 49 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

القصص

Surah Al-Qasas

Surah 28 in the standard Qur’an

c. 615–616 CE — Abyssinian migration / early middle Meccan
Revelation journey49 / 114 · 43%
Main themes
MusaOppressionMigrationDivine plan
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

50

Revelation 50 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الإسراء

Surah Al-Isra

Surah 17 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey50 / 114 · 44%
Main themes
Night JourneyEthicsQur’anAccountability
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

51

Revelation 51 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

يونس

Surah Yunus

Surah 10 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey51 / 114 · 45%
Main themes
RevelationProphetsTrust
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

52

Revelation 52 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

هود

Surah Hud

Surah 11 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey52 / 114 · 46%
Main themes
Prophetic perseveranceConsequencesSteadfastness
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

53

Revelation 53 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

يوسف

Surah Yusuf

Surah 12 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey53 / 114 · 46%
Main themes
YusufPatienceDivine providenceForgiveness
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

54

Revelation 54 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الحجر

Surah Al-Hijr

Surah 15 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey54 / 114 · 47%
Main themes
PreservationCreationIblisMercy
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

55

Revelation 55 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الأنعام

Surah Al-An‘am

Surah 6 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey55 / 114 · 48%
Main themes
TawheedSignsProphethoodAccountability
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

56

Revelation 56 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الصافات

Surah As-Saffat

Surah 37 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey56 / 114 · 49%
Main themes
TawheedAngelsProphetsSacrifice
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

57

Revelation 57 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

لقمان

Surah Luqman

Surah 31 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey57 / 114 · 50%
Main themes
WisdomParentingGratitudeTawheed
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

58

Revelation 58 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

سبإ

Surah Saba

Surah 34 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey58 / 114 · 51%
Main themes
GratitudeDawud and SulaymanResurrection
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

59

Revelation 59 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الزمر

Surah Az-Zumar

Surah 39 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey59 / 114 · 52%
Main themes
SincerityWorshipRepentanceJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

60

Revelation 60 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

غافر

Surah Ghafir

Surah 40 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey60 / 114 · 53%
Main themes
ForgivenessBeliever of PharaohDebateSigns
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Major eventWidely reportedApprox. 617–619 CE

Boycott of Banu Hashim

The clans protecting the Prophet ﷺ faced a harsh social and economic boycott.

Related revelation
Middle Meccan revelations
People and community
Banu Hashim and the Muslim community
61

Revelation 61 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

فصلت

Surah Fussilat

Surah 41 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey61 / 114 · 54%
Main themes
RevelationCreationSteadfastnessWitness
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

62

Revelation 62 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الشورى

Surah Ash-Shura

Surah 42 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey62 / 114 · 54%
Main themes
ConsultationRevelationUnityForgiveness
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

63

Revelation 63 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الزخرف

Surah Az-Zukhruf

Surah 43 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey63 / 114 · 55%
Main themes
Worldly adornmentRevelationMusa and Isa
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

64

Revelation 64 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الدخان

Surah Ad-Dukhan

Surah 44 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey64 / 114 · 56%
Main themes
Qur’anWarningPharaohJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

65

Revelation 65 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الجاثية

Surah Al-Jathiyah

Surah 45 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey65 / 114 · 57%
Main themes
SignsDivine lawDesireJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

66

Revelation 66 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الأحقاف

Surah Al-Ahqaf

Surah 46 in the standard Qur’an

c. 616–619 CE — middle Meccan period
Revelation journey66 / 114 · 58%
Main themes
Parents‘AdQur’anSteadfastness
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

67

Revelation 67 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الذاريات

Surah Adh-Dhariyat

Surah 51 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey67 / 114 · 59%
Main themes
ProvisionHospitalityJudgmentWorship
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

68

Revelation 68 · Chapter 5

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الغاشية

Surah Al-Ghashiyah

Surah 88 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey68 / 114 · 60%
Main themes
HereafterSigns in creationReminder
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Chapter 5 complete

What changed during this period?

  • Hamzah رضي الله عنه accepted Islam.
  • Umar رضي الله عنه accepted Islam in the widely reported Seerah account.
  • The believers gained visible strength while trials continued.
A strengthening communitySchematic orientation, not to scale.
Makkah · Ka‘bah
Dar al-Arqam

Chapter 6 · Approx. 617–620 CE

Boycott and the Year of Sorrow

Years of isolation and personal loss tested the believers’ patience and reliance on Allah.

7 surahs 6 min
69

Revelation 69 · Chapter 6

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الكهف

Surah Al-Kahf

Surah 18 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey69 / 114 · 61%
Main themes
FaithWealthKnowledgePower
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Abu Dharr al-Ghifari and Tufayl ibn ‘Amr ad-Dawsi (رضي الله عنهما) accepted Islam during the Meccan years; exact placement relative to individual surahs is uncertain.

70

Revelation 70 · Chapter 6

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

النحل

Surah An-Nahl

Surah 16 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey70 / 114 · 61%
Main themes
BlessingsGratitudeJusticeMigration
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

71

Revelation 71 · Chapter 6

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

نوح

Surah Nuh

Surah 71 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey71 / 114 · 62%
Main themes
NuhDa‘wahForgivenessSigns
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

72

Revelation 72 · Chapter 6

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

ابراهيم

Surah Ibrahim

Surah 14 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey72 / 114 · 63%
Main themes
GratitudeProphetsPrayerHereafter
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Major eventWidely reportedApprox. 620 CE

Journey to Ta’if

The Prophet ﷺ sought a hearing outside Makkah and endured rejection, while continuing to ask Allah for guidance and mercy.

Related revelation
Late Meccan revelations
People and community
Zayd ibn Harithah رضي الله عنه
73

Revelation 73 · Chapter 6

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الأنبياء

Surah Al-Anbiya

Surah 21 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey73 / 114 · 64%
Main themes
ProphetsTawheedJudgmentMercy
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

74

Revelation 74 · Chapter 6

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

المؤمنون

Surah Al-Mu’minun

Surah 23 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey74 / 114 · 65%
Main themes
BelieversCreationMessengersHereafter
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

75

Revelation 75 · Chapter 6

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

السجدة

Surah As-Sajdah

Surah 32 in the standard Qur’an

c. 619–621 CE — Year of Sorrow and Ta’if period
Revelation journey75 / 114 · 66%
Main themes
RevelationCreationResurrectionHumility
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Chapter 6 complete

What changed during this period?

  • The boycott ended.
  • The Prophet ﷺ lost personal and tribal support.
  • The journey to Ta‘if sought a new opening.
Makkah and Ta‘ifConceptual route only; not to scale.
Makkah
Ta‘if

Chapter 7 · Approx. 620–622 CE

Ta’if, Isra and Mi‘raj, and Aqabah

New openings emerged after hardship, leading toward support from Yathrib and the Hijrah.

11 surahs 10 min
76

Revelation 76 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الطور

Surah At-Tur

Surah 52 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey76 / 114 · 67%
Main themes
JudgmentParadiseProphethoodPatience
Accepted Islam around this historical period

The first believers from Yathrib began accepting Islam before the pledges of ‘Aqabah, including As‘ad ibn Zurarah and others (رضي الله عنهم).

77

Revelation 77 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الملك

Surah Al-Mulk

Surah 67 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey77 / 114 · 68%
Main themes
SovereigntyCreationAccountabilityReflection
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

78

Revelation 78 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الحاقة

Surah Al-Haqqah

Surah 69 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey78 / 114 · 68%
Main themes
JudgmentPast nationsRevelationCertainty
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

79

Revelation 79 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

المعارج

Surah Al-Ma‘arij

Surah 70 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey79 / 114 · 69%
Main themes
JudgmentPatiencePrayerHuman nature
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

80

Revelation 80 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

النبإ

Surah An-Naba

Surah 78 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey80 / 114 · 70%
Main themes
ResurrectionCreationJudgmentRest
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

81

Revelation 81 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

النازعات

Surah An-Nazi‘at

Surah 79 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey81 / 114 · 71%
Main themes
Musa and PharaohResurrectionThe soul
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Major eventWidely reportedApprox. 621 CE

First Pledge of Aqabah

Believers from Yathrib pledged faith and prepared the way for a new Muslim community.

Related revelation
Late Meccan revelations
People and community
The first believers from Yathrib رضي الله عنهم
82

Revelation 82 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الإنفطار

Surah Al-Infitar

Surah 82 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey82 / 114 · 72%
Main themes
JudgmentRecording angelsCreation
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

83

Revelation 83 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الإنشقاق

Surah Al-Inshiqaq

Surah 84 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey83 / 114 · 73%
Main themes
Return to AllahRecordsJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

84

Revelation 84 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

الروم

Surah Ar-Rum

Surah 30 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey84 / 114 · 74%
Main themes
RomansSignsFitrahResurrection
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Mus‘ab ibn ‘Umayr’s da‘wah in Yathrib led to the Islam of leading Ansar such as Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh and Usayd ibn Hudayr (رضي الله عنهم), c. 621 CE.

85

Revelation 85 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

العنكبوت

Surah Al-‘Ankabut

Surah 29 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey85 / 114 · 75%
Main themes
TrialsFaithMigrationSigns
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

86

Revelation 86 · Chapter 7

≈ Approximate chronologyMeccan

المطففين

Surah Al-Mutaffifin

Surah 83 in the standard Qur’an

c. 621–622 CE — late Meccan / before Hijrah
Revelation journey86 / 114 · 75%
Main themes
Commercial justiceRecordsHereafter
Accepted Islam around this historical period

The Ansar of the second pledge of ‘Aqabah accepted and pledged support shortly before the Hijrah.

Chapter 7 complete

What changed during this period?

  • Isra and Mi‘raj brought reassurance and obligation.
  • Mus‘ab ibn ‘Umayr رضي الله عنه taught in Yathrib.
  • The Aqabah pledges prepared the way for Hijrah.
From Makkah toward YathribConceptual route only; not to scale.
Ta‘if
Makkah / Aqabah
Yathrib

Chapter 8 · Approx. 622–624 CE

The Hijrah and Early Madinah

The Muslims established worship, community bonds, and a new social order in Madinah.

2 surahs 6 min
87

Revelation 87 · Chapter 8

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

البقرة

Surah Al-Baqarah

Surah 2 in the standard Qur’an

622–624 CE / 1–2 AH
Revelation journey87 / 114 · 76%
Main themes
FaithLawCommunityGuidance
Accepted Islam around this historical period

‘Abdullah ibn Salam and Salman al-Farisi (رضي الله عنهما) entered Islam around the early Madinan period.

Major eventWell established622 CE / 1 AH

Construction of Masjid an-Nabawi

The mosque became a center for worship, learning, consultation, and community life.

Related revelation
Al-Baqarah
People and community
The early Madinan community رضي الله عنهم
Major eventWidely reportedEarly Madinah

Brotherhood Between the Muhajirun and Ansar

The emigrants and helpers were joined in bonds of mutual care during the community’s early formation.

Related revelation
Al-Baqarah
People and community
The Muhajirun and Ansar رضي الله عنهم
88

Revelation 88 · Chapter 8

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الأنفال

Surah Al-Anfal

Surah 8 in the standard Qur’an

624 CE / 2 AH — after Badr
Revelation journey88 / 114 · 77%
Main themes
BadrDisciplineRelianceSpoils
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Chapter 8 complete

What changed during this period?

  • The Hijrah established a secure community.
  • Masjid an-Nabawi became a center of worship and learning.
  • Brotherhood joined Muhajirun and Ansar.
  • Badr became the first major military encounter.
Hijrah and early MadinahConceptual route only; not to scale.
Makkah
Quba
Madinah
Badr

Chapter 9 · Approx. 624–627 CE

Building the Madinan Community

Revelation guided a growing community through worship, law, conflict, and social responsibility.

18 surahs 12 min
89

Revelation 89 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

آل عمران

Surah Ali ‘Imran

Surah 3 in the standard Qur’an

624–625 CE / 3 AH
Revelation journey89 / 114 · 78%
Main themes
TawheedSteadfastnessPeople of the Book
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Major eventWell established625 CE / 3 AH

Battle of Uhud

The community faced loss and received enduring lessons about obedience, resilience, and mercy.

Related revelation
Ali ‘Imran
People and community
The participants of Uhud رضي الله عنهم
90

Revelation 90 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الأحزاب

Surah Al-Ahzab

Surah 33 in the standard Qur’an

627 CE / 5 AH — Confederates
Revelation journey90 / 114 · 79%
Main themes
Community ethicsProphetic householdConfederates
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Nu‘aym ibn Mas‘ud (رضي الله عنه) accepted Islam during the Battle of the Confederates according to sīrah reports.

Major eventWell established627 CE / 5 AH

Battle of the Confederates

A coalition besieged Madinah and the trench helped protect the city.

Related revelation
Al-Ahzab
People and community
Nu‘aym ibn Mas‘ud and the Madinan community رضي الله عنهم
91

Revelation 91 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الممتحنة

Surah Al-Mumtahanah

Surah 60 in the standard Qur’an

628 CE / 6 AH — Hudaybiyyah period
Revelation journey91 / 114 · 80%
Main themes
LoyaltyRelationsMigrationIbrahim
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Thumamah ibn Uthal (رضي الله عنه) accepted Islam in the Medinan period, commonly dated around 6 AH.

92

Revelation 92 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

النساء

Surah An-Nisa

Surah 4 in the standard Qur’an

625–627 CE / 3–5 AH
Revelation journey92 / 114 · 81%
Main themes
FamilyJusticeRightsCommunity
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

93

Revelation 93 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الزلزلة

Surah Az-Zalzalah

Surah 99 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey93 / 114 · 82%
Main themes
EarthquakeDeedsJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

94

Revelation 94 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الحديد

Surah Al-Hadid

Surah 57 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey94 / 114 · 82%
Main themes
FaithCharityWorldly lifeJustice
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

95

Revelation 95 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

محمد

Surah Muhammad

Surah 47 in the standard Qur’an

c. 622–624 CE / early Madinah
Revelation journey95 / 114 · 83%
Main themes
StrivingSincerityObedienceHereafter
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

96

Revelation 96 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الرعد

Surah Ar-Ra‘d

Surah 13 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, classification disputed
Revelation journey96 / 114 · 84%
Main themes
SignsRevelationHeartsDivine decree
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

97

Revelation 97 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الرحمن

Surah Ar-Rahman

Surah 55 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period (traditional chronology)
Revelation journey97 / 114 · 85%
Main themes
Divine favorsBalanceCreationJudgment
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

98

Revelation 98 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الانسان

Surah Al-Insan

Surah 76 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey98 / 114 · 86%
Main themes
Human creationGratitudeCharityParadise
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

99

Revelation 99 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الطلاق

Surah At-Talaq

Surah 65 in the standard Qur’an

c. 627–629 CE / middle-late Madinah
Revelation journey99 / 114 · 87%
Main themes
DivorceJusticeTrustProvision
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

100

Revelation 100 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

البينة

Surah Al-Bayyinah

Surah 98 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey100 / 114 · 88%
Main themes
Clear proofSincerityPeople of the Book
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

101

Revelation 101 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الحشر

Surah Al-Hashr

Surah 59 in the standard Qur’an

625 CE / 4 AH — Banu Nadir
Revelation journey101 / 114 · 89%
Main themes
Banu NadirShared wealthDivine names
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Some members of Madinan and surrounding tribes entered Islam throughout this period; individual dates are often not securely tied to a surah.

102

Revelation 102 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

النور

Surah An-Nur

Surah 24 in the standard Qur’an

627 CE / 5–6 AH — incident of Ifk context
Revelation journey102 / 114 · 89%
Main themes
ModestyFamily ethicsSlanderLight
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

103

Revelation 103 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الحج

Surah Al-Hajj

Surah 22 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period; portions may be Meccan
Revelation journey103 / 114 · 90%
Main themes
PilgrimageSacrificeResurrectionStriving
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

104

Revelation 104 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

المنافقون

Surah Al-Munafiqun

Surah 63 in the standard Qur’an

c. 627 CE / 5–6 AH
Revelation journey104 / 114 · 91%
Main themes
HypocrisySincerityWealthRemembrance
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

105

Revelation 105 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

المجادلة

Surah Al-Mujadilah

Surah 58 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey105 / 114 · 92%
Main themes
Family lawPrivate counselDivine knowledge
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

106

Revelation 106 · Chapter 9

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الحجرات

Surah Al-Hujurat

Surah 49 in the standard Qur’an

630–631 CE / 9 AH — delegations period
Revelation journey106 / 114 · 93%
Main themes
MannersCommunityReconciliationEquality
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Chapter 9 complete

What changed during this period?

  • Uhud taught difficult lessons in discipline and mercy.
  • Community law and ethics developed.
  • The Confederates’ siege was endured.
  • Madinah emerged more secure.
Madinah, Uhud, and the TrenchSchematic orientation, not to scale.
Madinah
Uhud
Trench

Chapter 10 · Approx. 628–629 CE

Hudaybiyyah and the Expansion of Islam

A pivotal treaty opened space for wider da‘wah and new alliances.

5 surahs 6 min
107

Revelation 107 · Chapter 10

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

التحريم

Surah At-Tahrim

Surah 66 in the standard Qur’an

c. 628–630 CE / 7–9 AH
Revelation journey107 / 114 · 94%
Main themes
Family responsibilityRepentanceExamples
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

108

Revelation 108 · Chapter 10

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

التغابن

Surah At-Taghabun

Surah 64 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey108 / 114 · 95%
Main themes
Divine decreeFamily trialsCharity
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

109

Revelation 109 · Chapter 10

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الصف

Surah As-Saff

Surah 61 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey109 / 114 · 96%
Main themes
StrivingUnityMusa and IsaVictory
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

110

Revelation 110 · Chapter 10

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الجمعة

Surah Al-Jumu‘ah

Surah 62 in the standard Qur’an

Medinan period, exact year uncertain
Revelation journey110 / 114 · 96%
Main themes
Friday prayerKnowledge and actionCommunity
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Major eventApproximateCommonly dated 7–8 AH

Conversion of Khalid ibn al-Walid رضي الله عنه

Khalid accepted Islam after Hudaybiyyah during a period of rapid expansion.

Related revelation
Late Madinan revelations
People and community
Khalid ibn al-Walid رضي الله عنه
Major eventApproximateCommonly dated 7–8 AH

Conversion of Amr ibn al-As رضي الله عنه

Amr accepted Islam in the same broad post-Hudaybiyyah period.

Related revelation
Late Madinan revelations
People and community
Amr ibn al-As رضي الله عنه
111

Revelation 111 · Chapter 10

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

الفتح

Surah Al-Fath

Surah 48 in the standard Qur’an

628 CE / 6 AH — return from Hudaybiyyah
Revelation journey111 / 114 · 97%
Main themes
HudaybiyyahVictoryPledgeTranquility
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Khalid ibn al-Walid, ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, and ‘Uthman ibn Talhah (رضي الله عنهم) accepted Islam shortly after Hudaybiyyah, commonly dated 7–8 AH.

Chapter 10 complete

What changed during this period?

  • Hudaybiyyah established a pivotal truce.
  • The pledge under the tree affirmed commitment.
  • Islam spread more rapidly through peaceful contact.
  • New leaders accepted Islam.
The road to HudaybiyyahConceptual route only; not to scale.
Madinah
Hudaybiyyah
Makkah

Chapter 11 · Approx. 630 CE

The Conquest of Makkah

Makkah returned to monotheistic worship and many former opponents entered Islam.

1 surah 4 min
112

Revelation 112 · Chapter 11

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

المائدة

Surah Al-Ma’idah

Surah 5 in the standard Qur’an

630–632 CE / 8–10 AH; completed late
Revelation journey112 / 114 · 98%
Main themes
CovenantsLawful livingJustice
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, ‘Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, Safwan ibn Umayyah, Hind bint ‘Utbah and many Quraysh accepted Islam around the Conquest of Makkah (8 AH), though not specifically because of this surah.

Major eventWell established630 CE / 8 AH

Battle of Hunayn

The battle followed the Conquest and is directly recalled in the Qur’an.

Related revelation
At-Tawbah
People and community
The Muslim army at Hunayn

Chapter 11 complete

What changed during this period?

  • Makkah came under Muslim authority.
  • The Ka‘bah was cleared of idols.
  • Many Quraysh entered Islam.
  • Hunayn tested confidence after victory.
Makkah and HunaynSchematic orientation, not to scale.
Makkah
Hunayn

Chapter 12 · Approx. 630–632 CE

Completion of the Mission

Delegations arrived, the Farewell Pilgrimage took place, and the Prophetic mission reached completion.

2 surahs 6 min
113

Revelation 113 · Chapter 12

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

التوبة

Surah At-Tawbah

Surah 9 in the standard Qur’an

630–631 CE / 9 AH
Revelation journey113 / 114 · 99%
Main themes
CovenantsTabukSincerityRepentance
Accepted Islam around this historical period

Arabian delegations and tribes entered Islam in large numbers during 9 AH; individual conversions are not tied to this surah.

Major eventWell established630 CE / 9 AH

Expedition of Tabuk

A difficult northern expedition tested readiness, sacrifice, and sincerity.

Related revelation
At-Tawbah
People and community
The participants of Tabuk رضي الله عنهم
Major eventWidely reported630–631 CE / 9 AH

Year of Delegations

Delegations from across Arabia came to Madinah as Islam spread widely.

Related revelation
At-Tawbah and late Madinan revelations
People and community
Arabian delegations
114

Revelation 114 · Chapter 12

≈ Approximate chronologyMedinan

النصر

Surah An-Nasr

Surah 110 in the standard Qur’an

632 CE / 10 AH — Farewell period
Revelation journey114 / 114 · 100%
Main themes
VictoryGratitudeRepentance
No surah-specific conversion documented

Open details for the workbook’s evidence note.

Chapter 12 complete

What changed during this period?

  • Tabuk demonstrated regional reach and sacrifice.
  • Delegations came to Madinah.
  • The Farewell Pilgrimage gathered the community.
  • Surah An-Nasr signaled completion and victory.
The final years of the missionConceptual route only; not to scale.
Makkah
Madinah
Tabuk

Two useful arrangements

Revelation order and Mushaf order

The left side follows the traditional order in which each surah’s opening revelation is placed. The right side follows the standard Qur’an used for recitation and study.

Open the complete side-by-side comparison
Traditional revelation orderCurrent Mushaf order
1Al-‘AlaqSurah 961Al-FatihahRevelation 5
2Al-QalamSurah 682Al-BaqarahRevelation 87
3Al-MuzzammilSurah 733Ali ‘ImranRevelation 89
4Al-MuddaththirSurah 744An-NisaRevelation 92
5Al-FatihahSurah 15Al-Ma’idahRevelation 112
6Al-MasadSurah 1116Al-An‘amRevelation 55
7At-TakwirSurah 817Al-A‘rafRevelation 39
8Al-A‘laSurah 878Al-AnfalRevelation 88
9Al-LaylSurah 929At-TawbahRevelation 113
10Al-FajrSurah 8910YunusRevelation 51
11Ad-DuhaSurah 9311HudRevelation 52
12Ash-SharhSurah 9412YusufRevelation 53
13Al-‘AsrSurah 10313Ar-Ra‘dRevelation 96
14Al-‘AdiyatSurah 10014IbrahimRevelation 72
15Al-KawtharSurah 10815Al-HijrRevelation 54
16At-TakathurSurah 10216An-NahlRevelation 70
17Al-Ma‘unSurah 10717Al-IsraRevelation 50
18Al-KafirunSurah 10918Al-KahfRevelation 69
19Al-FilSurah 10519MaryamRevelation 44
20Al-FalaqSurah 11320Ta-HaRevelation 45
21An-NasSurah 11421Al-AnbiyaRevelation 73
22Al-IkhlasSurah 11222Al-HajjRevelation 103
23An-NajmSurah 5323Al-Mu’minunRevelation 74
24‘AbasaSurah 8024An-NurRevelation 102
25Al-QadrSurah 9725Al-FurqanRevelation 42
26Ash-ShamsSurah 9126Ash-Shu‘araRevelation 47
27Al-BurujSurah 8527An-NamlRevelation 48
28At-TinSurah 9528Al-QasasRevelation 49
29QurayshSurah 10629Al-‘AnkabutRevelation 85
30Al-Qari‘ahSurah 10130Ar-RumRevelation 84
31Al-QiyamahSurah 7531LuqmanRevelation 57
32Al-HumazahSurah 10432As-SajdahRevelation 75
33Al-MursalatSurah 7733Al-AhzabRevelation 90
34QafSurah 5034SabaRevelation 58
35Al-BaladSurah 9035FatirRevelation 43
36At-TariqSurah 8636Ya-SinRevelation 41
37Al-QamarSurah 5437As-SaffatRevelation 56
38SadSurah 3838SadRevelation 38
39Al-A‘rafSurah 739Az-ZumarRevelation 59
40Al-JinnSurah 7240GhafirRevelation 60
41Ya-SinSurah 3641FussilatRevelation 61
42Al-FurqanSurah 2542Ash-ShuraRevelation 62
43FatirSurah 3543Az-ZukhrufRevelation 63
44MaryamSurah 1944Ad-DukhanRevelation 64
45Ta-HaSurah 2045Al-JathiyahRevelation 65
46Al-Waqi‘ahSurah 5646Al-AhqafRevelation 66
47Ash-Shu‘araSurah 2647MuhammadRevelation 95
48An-NamlSurah 2748Al-FathRevelation 111
49Al-QasasSurah 2849Al-HujuratRevelation 106
50Al-IsraSurah 1750QafRevelation 34
51YunusSurah 1051Adh-DhariyatRevelation 67
52HudSurah 1152At-TurRevelation 76
53YusufSurah 1253An-NajmRevelation 23
54Al-HijrSurah 1554Al-QamarRevelation 37
55Al-An‘amSurah 655Ar-RahmanRevelation 97
56As-SaffatSurah 3756Al-Waqi‘ahRevelation 46
57LuqmanSurah 3157Al-HadidRevelation 94
58SabaSurah 3458Al-MujadilahRevelation 105
59Az-ZumarSurah 3959Al-HashrRevelation 101
60GhafirSurah 4060Al-MumtahanahRevelation 91
61FussilatSurah 4161As-SaffRevelation 109
62Ash-ShuraSurah 4262Al-Jumu‘ahRevelation 110
63Az-ZukhrufSurah 4363Al-MunafiqunRevelation 104
64Ad-DukhanSurah 4464At-TaghabunRevelation 108
65Al-JathiyahSurah 4565At-TalaqRevelation 99
66Al-AhqafSurah 4666At-TahrimRevelation 107
67Adh-DhariyatSurah 5167Al-MulkRevelation 77
68Al-GhashiyahSurah 8868Al-QalamRevelation 2
69Al-KahfSurah 1869Al-HaqqahRevelation 78
70An-NahlSurah 1670Al-Ma‘arijRevelation 79
71NuhSurah 7171NuhRevelation 71
72IbrahimSurah 1472Al-JinnRevelation 40
73Al-AnbiyaSurah 2173Al-MuzzammilRevelation 3
74Al-Mu’minunSurah 2374Al-MuddaththirRevelation 4
75As-SajdahSurah 3275Al-QiyamahRevelation 31
76At-TurSurah 5276Al-InsanRevelation 98
77Al-MulkSurah 6777Al-MursalatRevelation 33
78Al-HaqqahSurah 6978An-NabaRevelation 80
79Al-Ma‘arijSurah 7079An-Nazi‘atRevelation 81
80An-NabaSurah 7880‘AbasaRevelation 24
81An-Nazi‘atSurah 7981At-TakwirRevelation 7
82Al-InfitarSurah 8282Al-InfitarRevelation 82
83Al-InshiqaqSurah 8483Al-MutaffifinRevelation 86
84Ar-RumSurah 3084Al-InshiqaqRevelation 83
85Al-‘AnkabutSurah 2985Al-BurujRevelation 27
86Al-MutaffifinSurah 8386At-TariqRevelation 36
87Al-BaqarahSurah 287Al-A‘laRevelation 8
88Al-AnfalSurah 888Al-GhashiyahRevelation 68
89Ali ‘ImranSurah 389Al-FajrRevelation 10
90Al-AhzabSurah 3390Al-BaladRevelation 35
91Al-MumtahanahSurah 6091Ash-ShamsRevelation 26
92An-NisaSurah 492Al-LaylRevelation 9
93Az-ZalzalahSurah 9993Ad-DuhaRevelation 11
94Al-HadidSurah 5794Ash-SharhRevelation 12
95MuhammadSurah 4795At-TinRevelation 28
96Ar-Ra‘dSurah 1396Al-‘AlaqRevelation 1
97Ar-RahmanSurah 5597Al-QadrRevelation 25
98Al-InsanSurah 7698Al-BayyinahRevelation 100
99At-TalaqSurah 6599Az-ZalzalahRevelation 93
100Al-BayyinahSurah 98100Al-‘AdiyatRevelation 14
101Al-HashrSurah 59101Al-Qari‘ahRevelation 30
102An-NurSurah 24102At-TakathurRevelation 16
103Al-HajjSurah 22103Al-‘AsrRevelation 13
104Al-MunafiqunSurah 63104Al-HumazahRevelation 32
105Al-MujadilahSurah 58105Al-FilRevelation 19
106Al-HujuratSurah 49106QurayshRevelation 29
107At-TahrimSurah 66107Al-Ma‘unRevelation 17
108At-TaghabunSurah 64108Al-KawtharRevelation 15
109As-SaffSurah 61109Al-KafirunRevelation 18
110Al-Jumu‘ahSurah 62110An-NasrRevelation 114
111Al-FathSurah 48111Al-MasadRevelation 6
112Al-Ma’idahSurah 5112Al-IkhlasRevelation 22
113At-TawbahSurah 9113Al-FalaqRevelation 20
114An-NasrSurah 110114An-NasRevelation 21

Sources and methodology

What this guide can and cannot tell us

This is a study aid built from a traditional chronology, not a claim of scholarly unanimity. Alternative chronological arrangements exist. Most dates and individual conversion placements come from broad Seerah reports rather than exact dated records, and some surahs were revealed in multiple stages.

The 12 chapters are editorial groupings created to make a long timeline easier to navigate. Meccan and Medinan classifications and revelation order follow the supplied workbook’s Tanzil-based chronology.

SourceSupports
TanzilTraditional revelation order and classificationsThe Sealed NectarBroad Seerah chronology and major eventsYaqeen: The FirstsAccessible companion biographiesQuran.comArabic names, verse counts, Qur’an text, translation, and transliterationVerseByVerseQuran / EveryAyahVerse-by-verse recitation audio

Theme chips, chapter groupings, schematic maps, and immersive scene wording are editorial study aids. They are not tafsir, exact geography, or claims about the specific cause of revelation.

Common questions

Understanding revelation order

Was the Qur’an compiled in revelation order?

No. The standard Mushaf follows the order transmitted by the Muslim community, not a reconstructed chronology of first revelation.

Why is the current Mushaf order different?

Revelation order describes when passages began to be revealed. Mushaf order is the received arrangement used for recitation, memorisation, and study.

Is the chronological order unanimously agreed upon?

No. Traditional lists are useful study tools, but scholars have transmitted and proposed differing arrangements.

What makes a surah Meccan or Medinan?

The common scholarly convention classifies revelation before the Hijrah as Meccan and revelation after the Hijrah as Medinan, regardless of the physical place.

Were all verses of a surah revealed at the same time?

Not always. Some surahs were revealed in portions over time, so a chronology usually follows the first revealed verses.

Did Umar ibn al-Khattab accept Islam after hearing Surah Ta-Ha?

This connection is widely reported in Seerah literature, but scholars have discussed the strength of its individual chains. It should be presented with that caution.

Why are some dates approximate?

Exact dated records do not survive for most individual revelations or conversions. Broad Seerah phases are more responsible than false precision.

Can the Qur’an be read in chronological order?

It can be studied through a chronological lens, but this guide does not replace reading the Qur’an in its standard Mushaf order or studying with qualified teachers.

Where to go next

The timeline is a beginning, not an ending

Continue with the part of MuslimSafeSpace that best fits what you want to learn or practice next.

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Which surah is traditionally listed as the first revelation?

What is the main difference between Meccan and Medinan classification?

Why was the Qur'an revealed gradually?

Which event marks the move from Makkah to Madinah?

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